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Picture of leaning tower of pizza12/5/2023 ![]() ![]() Figure 2 shows a cube drawn in perspective. The brain is able to reconstruct the third dimension not only from retinal images, but from paintings, photographs and television images. So good are we at reconstructing a 3D world in our heads, and so unaware are we of doing it, that one can understand why it was not until the Renaissance, many thousands of years after humans began to make drawings, that artists worked out how to represent perspective graphically. ![]() The brain's remarkable ability to reconstruct the third dimension is not only effortless but unconscious, an example of what the famous 19th century physicist and physiologist Helmholtz referred to as ‘unconscious inference’. It is not well understood how and when our brains acquire this ability, but most likely it develops during infancy from the feedback obtained by young infants as they interact, visually and manually, with a physical world of 3D objects. Our brains however have learnt to reconstruct the third dimension from the images on the retinae, and as a result we tend to perceive objects ‘as they are’, i.e. Because our retinae are surfaces, the images cast upon them are in perspective. Objects in the visual scene are imaged onto the retinae at the back of our eyes, then encoded into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for further analysis. ![]() The pattern of converging lines is referred to as the perspective view. The outlines of objects that recede from view tend to converge towards a common point when projected onto a 2D (two-dimensional) surface. In the Leaning Tower Illusion, the mind is tricked by its own mechanism for constructing a mental 3D (three-dimensional) image from a flat, 2D (two-dimensional) image. Figure 2: A cube drawn in perspective is perceived correctly. ![]()
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